Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinatingauto-immune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). In MS the immune systemattacks parts of the CNS which will lead to neurological symptoms, depending onthe location of the lesions. The onset of MS is typically characterised bytemporal sensory deficits and tingling sensations or motor deficits. Thishowever will recover completely in the earlier stages of the disease; Relapsingremitting MS. Over time, some symptoms will not recover and the disease willbecome progressive.
Aside from the sensory and motor deficits, patients mightalso experience visual impairments, problems with movement, balance,coordination, fatigue, incontinence, erectile dysfunction, depression, andcognitive impairment (CI). For most of these symptoms, thereare treatment options available in the form of physical, pharmacologicaltherapy or walking aids etc. However, there are no treatment options available forpatients suffering from cognitive impairmentsVGR1 .1This affects 43-70% of the 2.5 million patients suffering from MS worldwide.23 Thecognitive impairments can occur from the earliest stage of the disease, and canaffect different aspects of the cognitive functions. This includes memoryloss, in both short-term and long-termmemory, attention, information processing, etc.
CI in these area’s has anegative effect on the daily lives of patients with MS, ranging from beingunable to do their jobs, running a household, till participating in socialactivities and raising their children. Being unable to participate in thementioned activities can lead to a decreased quality of life of the patient.Cognitive impairment can be a significant problem in the lives of patients withmultiple sclerosis, and since there is no pharmacological treatment available,this systematic review will try to find out if cognitive impairments canimprove under the influence of physical activity. This will be done by answeringthe following research question: Will aerobic or strength training have apositive effect on the cognitive functions in patients with multiple sclerosis?The hypothesis is that aerobic exercise and strength training will have abeneficial effect on the cognitive functions in MS patients.VGR2 The method that will be used forthis systematic review is a systematic search in the databases of Pubmed,Embase, and Cochrane. The following search terms will be used to find articlessuitable for this systematic review: Multiple Sclerosis, Cognitive Function,Exercise (Aerobe training), Resistance TrainingVGR3 . Since most studies focus on either aerobic exercise or strengthtraining, these search terms will be added with an OR instead of AND, to not limitourselves to only one of optionsVGR4 .
The search will make use of MeSH terms and tiab to gather a wide selectionof articles. Next, the selection of articles will be made based on the titleand abstract. This will be done to exclude any articles irrelevant to thisreview. Moreover, a final selection will be done by examining the articles anddetermining whether they should be included based on their methods used. Thefindings of all the relevant articles will be analysed to reach a conclusionand answer the research question.
1 NiccolaiC, Goretti B, Amato MP. Disease modifying treatments and symptomatic drugs forcognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: where do we stand?. MultipleSclerosis and Demyelinating Disorders. 2017 Jun 5;2(1):8.2 BrowneP, Chandraratna D, Angood C, Tremlett H, Baker C, Taylor BV, Thompson AJ. Atlasof Multiple Sclerosis 2013: A growing global problem with widespread inequity.Neurology.
2014 Sep 9;83(11):1022-4.3 ChiaravallotiND, DeLuca J. Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.
The Lancet Neurology.2008 Dec 31;7(12):1139-51. VGR1Datis niet helemaal waar: strategietraining heeft wel effecten. Het vebeteren vande stoornis zelf is lastiger en vertaalt zich niet naar verbeteringen in hetdagelijks functioneren. VGR2Gebruikvoor je referenties een programma dat hiervoor bedoeld is en plaats zeachteraan onder het kopje references.
VGR3Kijkbij het uitwerken als mesh termen of je niet nog meer synoniemen moet meenemen.Verder nog toevoegen of je restricties qua taal en/of periode hanteert. VGR4Prima!Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinatingauto-immune disease of the central nervous system (CNS).
In MS the immune systemattacks parts of the CNS which will lead to neurological symptoms, depending onthe location of the lesions. The onset of MS is typically characterised bytemporal sensory deficits and tingling sensations or motor deficits. Thishowever will recover completely in the earlier stages of the disease; Relapsingremitting MS. Over time, some symptoms will not recover and the disease willbecome progressive.
Aside from the sensory and motor deficits, patients mightalso experience visual impairments, problems with movement, balance,coordination, fatigue, incontinence, erectile dysfunction, depression, andcognitive impairment (CI).For most of these symptoms, thereare treatment options available in the form of physical, pharmacologicaltherapy or walking aids etc. However, there are no treatment options available forpatients suffering from cognitive impairmentsVGR1 .1This affects 43-70% of the 2.5 million patients suffering from MS worldwide.23 Thecognitive impairments can occur from the earliest stage of the disease, and canaffect different aspects of the cognitive functions. This includes memoryloss, in both short-term and long-termmemory, attention, information processing, etc.
CI in these area’s has anegative effect on the daily lives of patients with MS, ranging from beingunable to do their jobs, running a household, till participating in socialactivities and raising their children. Being unable to participate in thementioned activities can lead to a decreased quality of life of the patient.Cognitive impairment can be a significant problem in the lives of patients withmultiple sclerosis, and since there is no pharmacological treatment available,this systematic review will try to find out if cognitive impairments canimprove under the influence of physical activity. This will be done by answeringthe following research question: Will aerobic or strength training have apositive effect on the cognitive functions in patients with multiple sclerosis?The hypothesis is that aerobic exercise and strength training will have abeneficial effect on the cognitive functions in MS patients.VGR2 The method that will be used forthis systematic review is a systematic search in the databases of Pubmed,Embase, and Cochrane. The following search terms will be used to find articlessuitable for this systematic review: Multiple Sclerosis, Cognitive Function,Exercise (Aerobe training), Resistance TrainingVGR3 . Since most studies focus on either aerobic exercise or strengthtraining, these search terms will be added with an OR instead of AND, to not limitourselves to only one of optionsVGR4 .
The search will make use of MeSH terms and tiab to gather a wide selectionof articles. Next, the selection of articles will be made based on the titleand abstract. This will be done to exclude any articles irrelevant to thisreview. Moreover, a final selection will be done by examining the articles anddetermining whether they should be included based on their methods used.
Thefindings of all the relevant articles will be analysed to reach a conclusionand answer the research question. 1 NiccolaiC, Goretti B, Amato MP. Disease modifying treatments and symptomatic drugs forcognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: where do we stand?.
MultipleSclerosis and Demyelinating Disorders. 2017 Jun 5;2(1):8.2 BrowneP, Chandraratna D, Angood C, Tremlett H, Baker C, Taylor BV, Thompson AJ. Atlasof Multiple Sclerosis 2013: A growing global problem with widespread inequity.Neurology. 2014 Sep 9;83(11):1022-4.3 ChiaravallotiND, DeLuca J.
Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. The Lancet Neurology.2008 Dec 31;7(12):1139-51. VGR1Datis niet helemaal waar: strategietraining heeft wel effecten.
Het vebeteren vande stoornis zelf is lastiger en vertaalt zich niet naar verbeteringen in hetdagelijks functioneren. VGR2Gebruikvoor je referenties een programma dat hiervoor bedoeld is en plaats zeachteraan onder het kopje references. VGR3Kijkbij het uitwerken als mesh termen of je niet nog meer synoniemen moet meenemen.Verder nog toevoegen of je restricties qua taal en/of periode hanteert.
VGR4Prima!
