Manufacturing of Roofing Tiles by using Plastic Waste and AgriculturalWasteIntroductionIn almost all developing countries,there are having small numbers of roofing materials. Stone, grass and palmleaves are the local roofing materials often used in Sri Lanka. Most of theEnvironmental pollution caused by plastic waste has become a major issuelocally and globally.
Similarly, agricultural wastes such as rice husk, sawdustand rice straw, coir fibers have also become a threat to the Environment.Sothat we focus about how to use those material to industry in proper wayThere are number of previous studiesthat have been carried out to what are the suitable Agricultural waste withplastic waste to produce roofing tiles. Research output of Ruby Abraham 2015reveal that natural coir fiber composite as a agricultural waste can be used asthe roofing material.He improved Compressive strength, tensile strength,breaking load and ductile properties by using fibers. Water absorption test whichused coir fiber and without coir fiber was observed . Finally higher value ofwater absorption in with core fiber was observed.Simillarly University ofRuhuna2016 studied the effect of rice husks (as an agricultural waste) onstructural properties and thermal properties of roofing tiles.
10% replacementof rice husks show 47.24% increment of transverse breaking loads .Therefore additionof rice husks reduce bulk density and thermal conductivityin roof tile.
However, rice husks increase water absorbtion of roofing tile. Inthis research provides solution for environmental damage caused by dumping ofrice husks as a waste.Mehdi Seghiri 2017 studied what are the possibilitiesof making a composite material from waste plastic. In this studies manufacturingroofing tile from recycled HDPE and sand dune and compared their propertieswhich was the most suitable one.
Containing 70% HDPE with sand dune Polymerroofing tile gives the best quality. Decreasing density with the increase ofthe HDPE ratio gives polymer tile alight weight, and also the breaking load of polymerroof tile was lower than the clay roofingtile. According to that research HDPE polymer roofing tile has potential to beused as a polymer roofing tile. Alchapar Noelia 2013 studied the SolarReflectance Index of the roofing tiles that decrease rapidly with age in the total of the evaluatedsamples (75% of the tiles showed SRI degradation levels higher than 20%). Thisis obtained result in the case of the most efficient tile aging in the thermalperformance is closely related to the combine effect of their characteristics,such as composition, color, finish and shape.
J.F. Horta 2016 investigated how to composite material propertiesdeveloped from reused HDPE and pine sawdust from the lumber industry.
Sawdustwas added to HDPE and observed mechanical and reinforced properties. Addingsawdust(20%,40%,60%,80%) with therecycled HDPE together has shown to improve mechanical response. Thesematerials to be a competitive advantage for industries.MartinsG.
2016 analyzedwood plastic composite for a newly roofing system to research for the mostsuitable properties of composites made of pine wood residues with HDPE. Tensiletest and water absorption capacity were measured to determine the chemicalcomposition, thermal behavior and mechanical properties of the composite. The highmechanical strength shows from the high filler content contributes not only tothe mechanical properties, but also to resistance against water of the materialsurface and low water absorption. Nowadaysasbestos sheet roof covering become more popular among people. But thoseroofing material causes lung cancer and other health effects.In our research wefocused mainly use of waste agricultural material and waste plastic tomanufacture roofing tile that prevents environmental pollution.
In previousparagraph summarized the researchers’ methodsto find out what are the suitable waste material to produce roofing tile. Themain objective of this research is to collect agricultural waste and plastic wastein available in Sri Lanka and making sustainableproduct (roofing tile) withenhancing their structural (mechanical)properties and thermal properties.Objectivesü To develop sustainable roofing material using agriculturalwaste with plastic wasteü Changing mixing size of the ingredients material andchanging external conditions and choose the suitable composition to the roofingtileü To study the strength and behavior of this tiles withenhancing their mechanical properties and thermal propertiesMethodologyü At the firststep the roofing material manufacturing procedure is studied and gained a fair knowledgeon roofing materials with the help of available literature.ü Proper materialhas been selected. ü Then needed theproperties in roofing material were checked and also what are those materials (which are available as wastes) and fusibilityfor implement. ü Make Specimensonly using HDPE waste. And test those samples.ü Then make somespecimens, changing materials and material mixing ratios(20%,40%,60%.
80% sawdustmixing with HDPE Plastic Waste)ü Shred materials in to small sizes and bind the agentby using pressure and mould to make specimensü Finally, eachspecimen was tested and identified the properties of specimens. Resource requirements andAvailability Equipment -Shredder (Shreds materials in to5-6mm size) -Laminating press (Binding theagents and finishing it to better surface) -Hot press (applying morepressure and increasing the process of binding) -Cold press(Cooling down materials by using manual power)Testing Equipment `- UniversalTest Machine (to measure Transverse Breaking Load)-Oven (to measure bulk density andWater absorption of Tile)-Digital Thermometer and thermocouple (to measurethermal Properties) Materials- Rice husks ,Sawdust ,coir fibers ,LDPE/ HDPE wasteActivity Plan . References1. Takao Ugai ,2015,Evaluation ofSustainable Roof from Various Aspects and Benefits of Agriculture Roofing inUrban Core,FocusLabo LLC, 444 Nahua St #2202, Honolulu, HI 96815 U.S.A.2.
Anna Laura Piselloa,LuciaBrinchia,2013,On a cool coating for roof clay tiles: development of theprototype and thermal-energy assessmentaCIRIAF ,University of Perugia.ViaG.Duranti63, Perugia 06125, Italy3. Mehdi Seghiri1,2017, The Possibility ofMaking a Composite Material from Waste Plastic ,DjamelBoutoutaouLaboratory ofExploitation and Valorization of Natural Resources in Arid Areas(E.V.
R.N.Z.A.
), Ouargla BP 511, 30000 Algeria.4. JurgitaMalaiškien?a,2013, FrostResistant Ceramics Produced From Local Raw Materials and Wastes a,bDepartmentof Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminastechnical University, Sauletekio av. LT–10223, Vilnius, Lithuania5.
VishakhaSakharea, 2015, Performanceassessment of sustainable composite roofing assemblies usingexperimentation,aResearch Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, VNIT,Nagpur 440010, India6. Caterina Gargaria,2015,Environmentalimpact of Green roofing: the contribute of a green roof to the sustainable useof natural resources in a life cycle approach ,a Dept. of Energy, Systems,Territory and Construction Engineering (DESTEC), University of Pisa, ViaDiotisalvi 2, Pisa 56126 (Italy) b7. Darsana Pa Ruby Abraham b,2015,Development of Coir-Fibre Cement Composite Roofing Tiles, aDepartment ofapplied mechanics ,national institute of technology,575025,India8. Martins G.
a,2016, Optimization of awood plastic composite for architectural applications,aDepartment of Chemistry,University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal9. J.F.Horta,2016, Study of Wood-PlasticComposites with reused High Density Polyethylene and Wood Sawdust,’CDRsp-Centerfor Rapiud and Sustainable Product Development,2430-028 Marinha Grande,Portugal10.
SurangiM.L.C.,Subhashini deSilva,2016,Effects of rice husk ash on structural and thermal properties ofclay roof tiles,University of Ruhuna,Galle.
