(h) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of K.
pneumonia strain of Hindon River(i) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of E. coli strain of Faridabad waste water(j) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of K. pneumonia strain of Faridabad waste water(k) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of E.
coli strain of Canal water(l) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of K. pneumonia strain of Canal water. Molecular mechanisms underlying Plasmid-mediated quinolone Resistance genes 4.6.2 Distribution of genes encoding PMQR Following PCR-based detection, the qnrS, aaclb-cr genes were identified in E.coli (14/46) 30.
43 % & K. pneumonia (12/30) 40% and aac-lb-cr in the E. coli (9/46) 19.56 % & K. pneumonia (7/30) 23.
33 % strains in that order (Fig.23 & 24) M 1 456 bp 1 M M 1 1111 M 1 M 1 M 1 M 1 456bp 456bp 456bp 456bp a b c d M 1 M 1 M 1 M 1 456bp 456bp 456bp 456bp e f g h M 1 M 1 M 1 M 1 456bp 456bp 456bp 456bp i j k lFig. 49: Amplification products observed in 1% agarose gels. (A) Representative amplicons for qnrS from E. coli strains (B) Representative amplicons for qnrS from K. pneumonia strains. (a) Lane M: 100bp ladder. Lane 1: Amplified product of E.
coli strain (b) Lane M: 100bp ladder. Lane-1: Amplified product of K. pneumonia strain (c) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of E. coli strain of Sewage water (d) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of K.
pneumonia strain of Sewage water (e) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of E. coli strain of Ground water (f) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of K. pneumonia strain of Ground water (g) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of E. coli strain of Hindon River (h) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of K.
pneumonia strain of Hindon River (i) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of E. coli strain of Faridabad waste water (j) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of K. pneumonia strain of Faridabad waste water (k) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of E. coli strain of Canal water (l) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of K. pneumonia strain of Canal water 482bp M 1 2 M 1 2 482bp a b 482bp M 1 M 1 2 482bp 482bp 456bp M 1 2 1 M c d 482bp M 1 M 1 482bp e f M 1 M 1 482bp 482bp g h M 1 482bp 482bp M 1 i j M 1 482bp M 1 482bp k l Fig. 50 : Amplification products observed in 1% agarose gels.
(A) Representative amplicons for aac lb-cr from E.coli strains (B) Representative amplicons for aac lb-cr from K. pneumonia strains(a) Lane M: 100bp ladder. Lane 1-2: Amplified product of E. coli strain(b) Lane M: 100bp ladder. Lane-1 to 2: Amplified product of K.
pneumonia strain (c) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1to 2 Amplified product of E. coli strain of Sewage water (d) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of K. pneumonia strain of Sewage water (e) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of E. coli strain of Ground water (f) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of K.
pneumonia strain of Ground water (g) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of E. coli strain of Hindon River (h) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of K. pneumonia strain of Hindon River (i) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of E. coli strain of Faridabad waste water (j) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of K. pneumonia strain of Faridabad waste water (k) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of E.
coli strain of Canal water (l) Lane M: 100bp ladder, Lane 1 Amplified product of K. pneumonia strain of Canal water An overview to distribution of virulence gene which cause antibiotic resistance Table 56 & 57. Genes Frequency Percentage TEM 46 65.21% CTX-M 46 34.
7 % QnrS 46 30.43 % Aac lb-cr 46 19 % Table 56: Frequency and distribution of virulence gene in collected strains in E. coli Genes Frequency Percentage TEM 30 66.66 % CTX-M 30 36.66 % QnrS 30 19.
56% Aac lb-cr 30 23.33 % Table 57: Frequency and distribution of virulence gene in collected strains in K. Pneumonia. Genes Respective Genes of ESBL presence in E.
coli Respective genes of ESBL is not presence in E. coli TEM 65.21% 34.79 % CTX-M 34.
7 % 65.3 % QnrS 30.43 % 69.57 % Aac lb-cr 19 % 81 % Table 58 : Showing scoring of ESBL & PMQR genes in E. coli strains Genes Respective Genes of ESBL & PMQR presence in K.
pneumonia Respective genes of ESBL & PMQR is not presence in K. pneumonia TEM 66.66 % 33.44 % CTX-M 36.
66 % 63.33 % QnrS 19.56 % 80.44 % Aac lb-cr 23.33 % 76.67 % Table 59 : Showing scoring of ESBL & PMQR genes in K.
pneumonia strains 4.7 DNA sequencing We have done DNA sequencing from 16Sr RNA, TEM, CTX-M and qnrS gene, we also considered the selected gene, like 16Sr RNA, ESBL & PMQR.4.7.1 Sequences for 16Sr RNA gene: >16S-PUJA SAMPLE-1 521AGACATCCCATCGCACGGTATTCTCCAGATCTCTACGCATTTCACCGCTACACCTGGAATTCTACCCCCCTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGCCAGTATCAGATGCAGTTCCCAGGTTGAGCCCGGGGATTTCACATCTGACTTAACAAACCGCCTGCGTGCGCTTTACGCCCAGTAATTCCGATTAACGCTTGCACCCTCCGTATTACCGCGGCTGCTGGCACGGAGTTAGCCGGTGCTTCTTCTGCGGGTAACGTCAATGAGCAAAGGTATTAACTTTACTCCCTTCCTCCCCGCTGAAAGTACTTTACAACCCGAAGGCCTTCTTCATACACGCGGCATGGCTGCATCAGGCTTGCGCCCATTGTGCAATATTCCCCACTGCTGCCTCCCGTAGGAGTCTGGACCGTGTCTCAGTTCCAGTGTGGCTGGTCATCCTCTCAGACCAGCTAGGGATCGTCGCCTAGGTGAGCCGTTACCCCACCTACGAGCTAAACCCATCTGGGCACATCCGATGGCAAGAA>16S-PUJA SAMPLE-2 365GGGGGGGCTTTGGCACGGTATTCCTCCAGATCTCTACGCATTTCACCGCTACACCTGGAATTCTACCCCCCTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGCCAGTATCAGATGCAGTTCCCAGGTTGAGCCCGGGGATTTCACATCTGACTTAACAAACCGCCTGCGTGCGCTTTACGCCCAGTAATTCCAATTAACGCTTGCACCCTCCGTATTACCGCGGCTGCTGGCACGGAGTTAGCCGGTGCTTCTTCTGCGGGTAACGTCTTGACCAAAGGTATTAACTTTACTCCCTTCCTCCCCGCTGAAAGTACTTTACAACCAGAAGGCCTTCTTCATACACACGACATGGATGCATCAAGCTTGCGGCCCATTG>16S-PUJA SAMPLE-3 685 AGGGGGCCTTGGCACGGTATTCTCCAGATCTCTACGCATTTCACCGCTACACCTGGAATTCTACCCCCCTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGCCAGTATCAGATGCAGTTCCCAGGTTGAGCCCGGGGATTTCACATCTGACTTAACAAACCGCCTGCGTGCGCTTTACGCCCAGTAATTCCGATTAACGCTTGCACCCTCCGTATTACCGCGGCTGCTGGCACGGAGTTAGCCGGTGCTTCTTCTGCGGGTAACGTCAATGAGCAAAGGTATTAACTTTACTCCCTTCCTCCCCGCTGAAAGTACTTTACAACCCGAAGGCCTTCTTCATACACGCGGCATGGCTGCATCAGGCTTGCGCCCATTGTGCAATATTCCCCACTGCTGCCTCCCGTAGGAGTCTGGACCGTGTCTCAGTTCCAGTGTGGCTGGTCATCCTCTCAGACCAGCTAGGGATCGTCGCCTAGGTGAGCCGTTACCCCACCTACTAGCTAATCCCATCTGGGCACATCCGATGGCAAGAGGCCCGAAGGTCCCCCTCTTTGGTCTTGCGACGTTATGCGGTATTAGCTACCGTTTCCAGTAGTTATCCCCCTCCATCAGGCAGTTTCCCAGACATTACTCACCCGTCCGCCACTCGTCAGCAAAGAAGCAAGCTTCTTCCTGTTACCGTTCGACTTGCATGTAAA >16S-PUJA SAMPLE-4 689AGCCTTGTCATCATATCGTACTATTCTACTTATCTCTACGCATTTCACCGCTACACCTGGAATTCTACCCCCCTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGCCAGTATCAGATGCAGTTCCCAGGTTGAGCCCGGGGATTTCACATCTGACTTAACAAACCGCCTGCGTGCGCTTTACGCCCAGTAATTCCGATTAACGCTTGCACCCTCCGTATTACCGCGGCTGCTGGCACGGAGTTAGCCGGTGCTTCTTCTGCGGGTAACGTCAATGAGTAAAGGTATTAACTTTACTCCCTTCCTCCCCGCTGAAAGTACTTTACAACCCGAAGGCCTTCTTCATACACGCGGCATGGCTGCATCAGGCTTGCGCCCATTGTGCAATATTCCCCACTGCTGCCTCCCGTAGGAGTCTGGACCGTGTCTCAGTTCCAGTGTGGCTGGTCATCCTCTCAGACCAGCTAGGGATCGTCGCCTAGGTGAGCCGTTACCCCACCTACTAGCTAATCCCATCTGGGCACATCCGATGGCAAGAGGCCCGAAGGTCCCCCTCTTTGGTCTTGCGACGTTATGCGGTATTAGCTACCGTTTCCAGTAGTTATCCCCCTCCATCAGGCAGTTTCCCAGACATTACTCACCCGTCCGCCACTCGTCAGCGAAACAGCAAGCTGCTTCCTGTTACCGTTCGCTTTTGGCATGTA